Telescopic range finder



Patented Mar. 21, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LUBRICANT COMPOSITION Eugene Lieber. Staten Island, N. Y.. assiznor to Standard Oil DevclopmenVCompany, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application January 2, 1941, Serial No. 372,889

6 Claims.

stringent and it has been proposed to add various ingredients to these oils to improve their behavior in such services. The present invention relates to the production of superior lubricating oil compositions by adding to a base oil an ingredient which will improve the properties of the oil in various ways, particularly in improving the lubricity of the oil, in increasing its resistance to oxidation and consequent formation of corrosive substances, and in reducing its tendency to leave objectionable deposits in the engine. These lubricating oil blends are especially adapted for use under the high temperature conditions prevailing in the cylinders of internal combustion engines, i. e., at temperatures of 200 C. or higher.

The new addition agents of the present invention include the various quaternary ammonium compounds, particularly the bases and the salts of such bases with organic acids. Various metallic compounds have been proposed for use in lubricating oils to improve their lubricating properties, but such compounds leave an objectionable residue. The quaternaiy ammonium bases and their salts with weak acids have the ability to impart lubricity to oils and at the same time the great advantage of not leaving residues on engine parts. By reducing oxidation the compounds also aid in preventing the formation of corrosive substances in'the oil. The compounds can be made very soluble in lubricating oils by providing one or more sufiiciently long hydrocarbon chains which are attached directly to the nitrogen atom or form a part of the acid radical. Compounds quite insoluble may, however, be used by being dispersed in the oil or when dissolved by the aid of a mutual solvent.

The new class of addition agents may be defined in its broadest scope as consisting of compounds having the quaternary ammonium base radical where R is a hydrocarbon radical, for example,

an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl radical, and m is an integer, four or less, the number being chosen according to the valencies of the R groups to satisfy four bonds of the nitrogen atom. The various R groups may be similar or dissimilar.

The radicals It may contain substituent atoms. for example, halogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, or sulfur, or substituent groups, for example, hydroxyl, aroxy, alkoxy, keto, amino, or mercapto groups. The preferred compounds are those in which the above defined quaternary ammonium base radical is attached to a hydroxyl group or to an organic radical, and in which the R's are alkyl groups. Where an acid radical is joined to the quaternary base radical, such radical may be that of a carboxylic acid, either aliphatic or aromatic, or a radical of widely different type, such as alcoholate, enolate, phenolate,

xanthate, carbamate, or the analogous radicals in which sulfur is substituted for part or all of the oxygen.

The most preferred addition agents which are used in accordance with the present invention are those which have a solubility in oil to the ex-- tent of at least 0.05% at temperatures above 30 F. Compounds containing alkyl radicals having a totalnum'ber of carbon atoms in all of such alkyl radicals equal to 12 or more and preferably at least 16, if available, are especially suitable, and branched structures are in general preferred. Typical examples of compounds which aresuitable for use in accordance with this invention are those having monovalent alkyl radicals at-- tached to the nitrogen atom, for example, tetramethyl ammonium naphthenate, tetraethyl ammonium naphthenate, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl ammonium oleate, tetramethyl ammonium cresylate, tetramethyl ammonium lactate, tetra-n-butyl ammonium oleate, tetraloutyl ammonium tribromophenolate, tetrabutyl ammonium-2,4-dinitrophenolate, tributyl methyl ammonium octylphenolate, the tribenzyl amyl ammonium salt of diisobutyl phenol sulfide, the tetraethyl ammonium salt of wax-alkylated phenol sulfide, tetramethyl ammonium butyl thicxanthate, tetramethyl ammonium ethyl xanthate; those having alkylol or aralkylol groups attached to the nitrogen atom, for example, butyl triethanol ammonium naphthenate, ethyl phenyl diethanol ammonium cresylate and tetrahexanol ammonium oleate; those in which the nitrogen of the quaternary base forms part of a pyridine, quinoline or nicotine group, for example, compounds of the formula where R is a hydrocarbon radical and X is an acid radical, e. g., methyl pyridonium oieate. In addition to the examples given above, many other examples of suitable compounds may be derived by combining the quaternary ammonium base radical with-various acid radicals, both straight and branched chain, saturated and unsaturated, aromatic and aliphatic, monobasic and March 21, 1944. L B 2,344,85

"r TELESCOPIC R ANGE FINDER Filed May 21, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q a 7 1m III-I r I Ill INV- "0R. GEO/P615 :51.

rzai 9; 3 pg ATTORNEYS.

March 21, 1944.

'e. LIEBL 2,344,887

TELESCOP IC RANGE FINDER Filed May 21, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENT OR. L/EBL ATTORNEYS.

Patented Mar. 21, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICIE TELESCOPIC RANGE FINDER George Liebl, Fairlawn, N. I. Application Ma! 21, 1941, Serial No. 384,456

- errors due to the trajectory of the missile and to external deviating forces, such as wind and the like.

Another object is the provision of a range finder which is simple in construction and operation and thecorrections or which are more exact than those of prior art range finders.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a telescopic range finder which is capable of integrating separately errors resulting from forces of gravity acting upon a projectile and errors resulting from forces exerting a side wise pressure upon the projectile, such as wind forces.

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent in the course of the following specification.

Theobiects of the present invention may be realized through the provision of a cross-hair reticule having two separate frames, each of the two sight elements, such as cross-hairs, being carried by a separate frame. Separate means are provided for shifting the two frames within a reticule mounting, so that the horizontal adjustment may be carried out separately from the vertical adjustment. The frame shifting means consist, preferably, 01' resiliently mounted nuts engaging bolts, which are connected with the frames. The reticule mounting is attached to a cover plate and is situated within the casing of a range finder. This casing which is attached by brackets to the gun barrel also carries an eyepiece provided with a range scale, an objective lens, and a front lens.

The invention will appear more clearly from the following detailed description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings showing, by way of example, a preferred embodiment of the inventive idea.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows in side elevation a rifie provided with a range finder constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a top view or plan view of the range findervon a larger scale.

Figure 3 shows the range finder in side elevat tion,

4 Claims. (01. 33-50) Figure 4 is a longitudinal section through the range finder along the line H of Figure 2, on an enlarged scale.

Figure 5 is a transverse section along the line l--5 oi'Figure 4, on a larger scale.

Figure 6 is a transverse section along the line 8-8 of Figure 4, on a larger scale.

Figure 7 is an enlarged transverse section along the line 1-1 of Figure 4.

m Figure 8 shows the reticule mounting in front elevation.

Figure 9 shows the reticule mounting in side elevation, looking in the direction of arrows 3-! of Figure 8.

5 Figure 10 is a top plan view of the reticule mounting. looking in the direction or arrows i0-l I of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a transverse section along the line ll-ll of Figure 8; and

Figure 12 is a transverse section along the line |2--l2 of igure 8.

Figure 1 of the drawings shows a range finder comprising an elongated tubular casing II which is attached to a rifle il having a barrel I. by

a mounting consisting of brackets II and II. As

shown more clearly in Figures 2 and 3, each of th brackets i8 and I8 comprises an arcuateportion 20 engaging the tubular casing II and flanges 2| and 22. The flanges 2i and 22 are firmly connected with a support 24, by the bolts 2'; screws 23 extend through bore holes formed in the support 24 and are screwed into threaded holes provided in the rifie, thereby firmly attaching the range finder to the rifie.

35 As shown more clearly in Figure 4 of the drawings, the casing it of the range finder is provided at its inner end with outer screw threads 2'! which carry a ring 28 having a pointer 28 and held in place by a set screw II (Fig. 5).

40 An eye piece casing 30 has inner screw threads ll meshing with the screw threads 21 of the easing Ii (Fig. 4).

The eye piece casing 30 encloses an enlarged inner chamber having screw threads 32 m with the screw threads of a ring a which is provided with a slot 34 and which serves as a 010- sure member for the ocular lens 35. The lens 35 consists of a bi-COllVeX crown glass element 36 and a concavo-convex flint glass element I1.

50 As shown in Figure 2, the eye-piece casing so is provided with a range scale 88 situated below the pointer 28.

As shown in Figure 4, the outer end of the easing l5 has inner screw threads 39 enga ing a closure ring 40 provided with a slot 4|. The ring mounting l4.

40 is used to hold in place the front lens 42 including a bi-convex crown glass element 43 and a piano-concave flint glass element 44. Preferably, the front lens 42 is pressed against a shoulder 45 of the casing l5.

The casing l also contains an objective lens 48 comprising a tubular holding element .41, which is firmly connected to the casing, two outer bi-convex crown glass elements 48 and 49, and inner concavo-convex flint glass elements 55 and 5|.

As shown in Figure 6, the lei-convex lens e1ement 49 is provided with an etching and which constitutestwo scales 52 and 53 used in conjunction with the cross hairs 54 and 55 (Fig. 7).

The cross hairs 54 and 55 are carried by frames 58 and 51, respectively. The frame 51 is provided with a projection 58 soldered to an inner bolt 59 which is screwed into a threaded bore hole of a nut 60. p

The nuttll has an outer head portion 6| which is manipulated by the user to adjust the hair 55, and an inner sleeve 82 which is firmly con.- nected with a nut or washer 83 having slots 64 and situated in a recess provided within a, cover plate 85. A coiled spring 65 is situated within an annular space provided within the nut 69, and presses against the cover plate 55. The bolt 55 is prevented from turning by a pin projecting the cover plate 55 and the casing I5 and are used to hold the reticule mounting 14 within the casing l5 (Fi 4).

The reticule mounting I4 is shown in greater detail in Figures 8 to 12 of the drawings, It may consist of one or two separate pieces and has the form of two ring segments 11 and 18 situated on both sides of a ring 19.' The ring 19 is provided with a. transverse slot 89 which is in communication with two cylindrical passages 8| and 82 and which is limited by two side surfaces 83 and 84. As shown in Figure 11, the side surface 83. of the ring I9 includes a shoulder 85 having an abutting edge 85 serving as an abutment for the vertical frame 51 (Fig. 7). The side surface 84 includes a shoulder 81 extending at right angles to the shoulder 85 and provided with an abutting edge ,88 servingas an abutment for 'the horizontal frame 55. I

The two frames 56 and 51 are situated one next to the other in the slot 80 and can move within the slot-80 in directions extending at right angles to one another. The projection 58 of the frame 51 and the adjacent and r the bolt 59 extend through the passage 52" of the reticule The projection 89. of the frame 55 and the adjacent and of the bolt 8? extend through the passage 82, F y I I The device is operated as follows:

-The'user. who islooking. at an object through.

I the ocular lens (Fig. 4.), turns the eye piece 30 until the outlines of the object are clearly visible. Then, the distance of the. object from the user may be determined by reading the scale 55 in relation to the pointer 29 (Fig. 2).

The vertical correction necessitated by gravity forces, is carried out by shifting the cross hair 55 downwardly fro-m its central position shown in Figure 7. This is accomplished by turning the nut which will rotate along with the nut 53. The rotation of the bolt 59 is prevented by the pin 15 (Fig. 7), so that the bolt 59 will move lengthwise within the threaded bore hole of the nut 50. The frame 51 will be moved along with the bolt 59 and the adjustment is carried out until the cross hair 55ris situated opposite a reading on the scale 53 which corresponds to the distance between the object and the user.

Thehorizontal adjustment is carried out when there is a wind by turning the nut 68 and thereby causing a movement of the bolt 61 and the frame .55 in a direction opposite to that in which the wind is blowing. Thecrcss hair 54 may be shifted from itscentral position along the seal! 52 (Fig. 6).

The user moves the rifle l'l until the image of the object he is aiming at appears at the intersection of the cross hairs 54 and 55 occupying their new positions. Then he is ready toshoot.

It is apparent that the specific illustration shown above has been given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation, and that the structures above described are su ject to wide variations and modifications wit out departing from the scope or intent of the invention. All of such variations and modifications are to be included within "the scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a telescopic range finder, in combination with a casing, two sight e ements extending in different directions and situated within said casing at different distances from an observer, and adjusting means carried by said casing and connected with said sight elements for moving'each sight element separately from the other sight element in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to that in which the other sight element is movable, said adjusting means comprising a separate bolt for each sight element, means ing at right angles to the firSt-mentioned'frame land situated within said casing at a difierent distance from an end of the casing, a separate adjusting mechanism for each frame, each of the adjusting mechanisms comprising a projection connected with a separate frame, a bolt connected with said projection, a nut meshing with said bolt, a washer connected with said bolt, and a spring engaging said nut; and aroma carried by said casing and carrying said nuts, said springs engaging said cover, said cover having recesses formed, therein and receiving said washers. 3. In a telescopic range finder, an elongated casing, across hair frame situated within said casing, another separate cross hair frame extending at right angles to the first-mentioned frame and situated within said casing at a different distance from an end of the casing and close to the'iirst-mentioned frame, adjusting means carried by said casing and connected with said frames for moving each frame separately from the other frame in a different direction, and a reticule mounting carried by said casing and including a central annular portion and two ring segment portions on both sides or said annular portion, said annular portion having a slot formed therein transversely to said casing and receiving said frames, the walls 01' said slot having abutting edges situated in the paths of said frames and adapted to be engaged by them.

4. In a telescopic range finder, a casing, two

sight elements extending in different directions and situated within said casing at difierent distances from an observer, adjusting means car-- ried by said casing and connected with each sight element for moving the sight elements separately in different directions, and an objective lens situated within said casing consisting of crown glass and flint glass elements, one 0! said elements carrying scales formed therein for said sight elem ments.

GEORGE LIEBL. 

